The role of fire on a prairie ecosystem is critical. During pre-settlement times, fires started naturally as a result of lightning strikes. Plants on the prairie evolved in a way that allowed them not only to withstand fire, but to actually be stimulated by it, and to thrive on the scorched earth left behind. Native Americans used fire to promote the growth of lush prairies that attracted buffalo and deer to their hunting grounds.

With the settlement and agricultural development of the American grasslands, fire suppression became the rule. Trees and shrubs that had previously been held in check by frequent burning, overtook prairie plants that required fire in order to propagate and flourish. As a result, many native plants were lost to aggressive species that choked out prairie flora.

Prescribed burning is now recognized for its importance in maintaining healthy grasslands, and for its role in agricultural activity as well. However, conducting a burn in modern times presents many challenges that Native Americans did not face. Preparation requires careful planning and taking into account numerous factors that affect the outcome. Buildings, fences and neighboring properties must be considered when planning a burn.

Weather is always the ultimate component of a successful prairie fire. Temperature, humidity levels and wind velocity all play a part when the actual execution takes place. Too much wind and the fire could race out of control, not enough wind and it just won't take off at all. Humidity levels can dampen any attempt to get the fire to ignite. Weather conditions must be just right in order to achieve optimum results.